This book is an integrated series of surveys of selected scientific fields of obvious or demonstrable relevance to an understanding of brain function. It is an outgrowth of the month-long Intensive Study Program (ISP) in the neurosciences held in the summer of 1966 on the campus of the University of Colorado in Boulder. The 1966 ISP and its intended successors were meant to further the unification of the disparate neurosciences and to draw attention to the wide range of emerging opportunities for pioneer research in advancing scientific understanding of human brain function, especially the biology of learning.